Original score
Glenn W. Brier (1950), Verification of Forecasts Expressed in Terms of Probability, Monthly Weather Review, 78(1), 1–3. Original journal record. The original summed-category convention differs by a factor of two from common one-component binary scoring.
Proper-score framework
Tilmann Gneiting and Adrian E. Raftery (2007), Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102(477), 359–378. Author manuscript.
Adaptation boundary
The input schema and audit procedure are pack implementations. The helper computes mathematical scores; it does not establish adjudication quality or a professional designation.
Bibliographic grounding checked on 2026-09-15. Access may vary. Full papers are linked, not redistributed; these instructions and examples are newly written.